The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has challenged healthcare systems worldwide, necessitating rapid advancements in therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. This review examines recent developments in the management of COVID-19, focusing on emerging treatments and diagnostic modalities. Therapeutic interventions, including antiviral agents, immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, and repurposed drugs, are evaluated for their mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy. Additionally, novel diagnostic techniques such as molecular testing, antigen detection assays, serological assays, and advanced imaging modalities are discussed in the context of COVID-19 diagnosis and surveillance. Through a comprehensive analysis of current literature and clinical trials, this review aims to elucidate the evolving landscape of COVID-19 management and inform future research directions and public health interventions.