Short Communications

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome: Etiology, Symptoms, and Epidemiology of a Chronic Pelvic Pain Disorder

  • Nida Ali Safdar
  • Soha Jabeen
  • Essra Ali Safdar

Introduction Chronic pelvic discomfort is a symptom of a disorder called pelvic congestion syndrome. It is believed to be brought on by issues with the pelvic veins. The lowest portion of your abdomen is this. The blood vessels that return blood to the heart are called veins. Veins in the lower abdomen may become dysfunctional … Read more

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Modern Approaches to Treatment

  • Nida Ali Safdar
  • Soha Jabeen
  • Essra Ali Safdar

Introduction Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a rare but significant endocrine disorder characterized by the presence of gastrin-secreting tumors known as gastrinomas. These tumors lead to excessive production of gastric acid, resulting in severe gastrointestinal complications, including recurrent peptic ulcers and debilitating abdominal symptoms. First described in 1955 by Dr. Robert Zollinger and Dr. Edwin Ellison, … Read more