Poultry production is an important reservoir of colistin-resistant bacteria with potential implications for human exposure through food, occupational contact, and the environment. In Nigeria, mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales have been detected in poultry and abattoir settings, indicating that resistant organisms can circulate across production and processing chains. This is particularly relevant to Lagos State, where poultry farming, meat handling, and dense human contact create conditions that may support the movement of resistant bacteria between animals, environments, and people. This review examined the dynamics of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in poultry-to-human transmission chains in Lagos State. It focuses on the occurrence of mcr genes in poultry, the role of plasmids in resistance spread, and the pathways through which resistant organisms may move from farms to slaughterhouses, markets, households, and surrounding environments. The review also considered the public-health importance of antimicrobial use practices, environmental contamination, and food-chain exposure in sustaining these transmission routes. The evidence explored in this review suggests that plasmid-mediated colistin resistance should be treated as a One Health concern rather than an isolated animal-health issue. Strengthened genomic surveillance, improved antibiotic stewardship, better slaughterhouse hygiene, and coordinated policy enforcement are needed to reduce the risk of dissemination across the poultry-human-environment interface in Lagos State.