1. Introduction The development of vaccines has changed the course of infectious illnesses and world health in significant ways, making them a landmark achievement in medical history [20]. Modern immunisation procedures have their roots in the work of Edward Jenner, who proved in the late 18th century that inoculation with cowpox could protect against smallpox … Read more
Introduction Diagnostic cytology, focuses on the examination of individual cells to assess their structure, function, and intrinsic properties. The first application of cytology in skin disorders was introduced by Tzanck in 1947. Tzanck’s technique was initially used to diagnose vesiculo-bullous conditions, especially herpes simplex, and since then, dermatologists have increasingly relied on cytology to diagnose … Read more
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder that affects millions worldwide, significantly diminishing quality of life. Unlike osteoarthritis, which arises due to mechanical wear and tear, RA is rooted in immune system dysfunction [1]. In this condition, the body’s defense mechanisms mistakenly target its own tissues, particularly the synovial membrane lining the joints. … Read more
Introduction Migraine is a complex and disabling neurological disorder that extends far beyond a simple headache, affecting over a billion individuals globally. It is characterized by intense unilateral throbbing pain, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia, with some patients experiencing sensory disturbances or “aura” before onset. The condition predominantly affects women between the … Read more
INTRODUCTION Traditional Unani medicine encompasses arthritic conditions within the comprehensive terminology of Waja al-Mafaṣil, derived from Arabic nomenclature signifying “articular pain.” The clinical manifestations of this condition demonstrate remarkable similarity to rheumatoid arthritis as recognized in contemporary medical practice. The etymological breakdown reveals “waja” denoting pain and “mafasil” referring to articulations, thus providing a literal … Read more
Introduction Iḥtibās al-Tamth (amenorrhea) represents a significant gynecological disorder characterized by absence of menstruation in women of reproductive age, affecting approximately 3-4% of women globally [1]. In the Unani system of medicine, amenorrhea is conceptualized as an imbalance in the body’s natural temperament (mizāj) and vital humors, leading to obstruction of menstrual flow. Traditional Unani … Read more
INTRODUCTION: World Health Organization (WHO) database on Global Health Expenditure, the United States allocated 17% of its resources towards healthcare, whereas India allocated 4% (WHO Indicators). The substantial expenditure on wellness has influenced the attention of both the research and development divisions of global corporations and customers towards food products that offer health advantages.[1]The “Nutraceutical” … Read more