1. Introduction “Nano” is a thousand millionth of a metre. The branch of nanotechnology is the name given to the science that studies structures and molecules on a nanoscale level that range from atoms to macromolecules [1] [2]. Nanotechnology works on the atomic, molecular, and sub-molecular level [3]. The properties of the nanoparticle and the bulk material shows … Read more
Introduction Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major component of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which remains a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. For a long time, oral anticoagulation therapy was based entirely on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin [1]. Warfarin has repeatedly proven its strong clinical efficacy in preventing recurrence of … Read more
1. Introduction The effectiveness of drug therapy varies substantially among individuals due to differences in genetic makeup, environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, age, sex, and disease characteristics. Conventional therapeutic approaches typically rely on standardized treatment protocols that assume similar drug responses across patient populations. However, clinical observations have demonstrated that patients receiving identical medications often exhibit … Read more
1. Introduction N- (Substituted Aryl) Acryloyl Theophylline Derivatives are a class of compounds that involve the combination of theophylline, a known methylxanthine derivative, with acryloyl groups and substituted aryl groups. These derivatives are of interest in medicinal chemistry due to their potential bioactivity, which could include stimulating effects on the central nervous system, bronchodilation (opening … Read more
1. INTRODUCTION Reflexology occupies a unique position in the landscape of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), combining elements of manual therapy, neurophysiological theory, and ancient healing traditions. In modern clinical contexts, reflexology involves the systematic application of pressure to designated reflex points on the feet, hands, and ears, with the therapeutic premise that these points … Read more
INTRODUCTION: The term hypothyroidism is derived from the Greek words hypo- meaning “reduced,” thyreos meaning “defence,” and eidos meaning “form.” Primary hypothyroidism refers to hormonal inadequacy caused by intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, which disrupts the synthesis and secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). A decline in serum thyroid hormone concentration triggers compensatory hypersecretion of … Read more
Introduction The verifiable evolution of drug delivery systems highlights the progression from simple formulations to sophisticated, technology-driven approaches. Sustained release preparations offer numerous advantages over the conventional forms. The main objective of a sustained release dosage form is to maintain blood drug levels at a stable, non-toxic and therapeutically effective concentration over an extended period … Read more
Introduction The term cosmeceutical was coined by Dr. Albert Kligman in 1984 to describe a hybrid category of products that bridge the gap between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. These products contain biologically active ingredients that provide therapeutic benefits beyond the traditional cosmetic function of cleansing, beautifying, and altering appearance [1]. Unlike conventional cosmetics, cosmeceuticals penetrate the … Read more
INTRODUCTION Eucalyptus globulus, a tree species widely recognised for its broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, has been the focus of numerous studies exploring its potential health-promoting effects [1]. Eucalyptus globulus extracts have demonstrated strong antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo in several studies. For example, methanol and acetone extracts from E. globulus leaves showed … Read more
INTRODUCTION“The Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA)” framework was established in 2004 during “The Project Bioshield Act 2004”, in the “Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act”, to ratify the use of specific medical products during emergency health situations [1]. It acts as an essential resource for medical practitioners and healthcare officials engaged in a public health crisis … Read more