Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, marked by progressive neurodegenerative alterations that affect the brain across different stages of the disease 1. Neuronal and synaptic degeneration in the cerebral cortex and specific subcortical regions is a hallmark of AD, leading to pronounced atrophy in regions such ascingulate gyrus, frontal … Read more
Introduction Hypertension affects approximately 1.4 billion individuals globally and remains a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are now the leading cause of mortality worldwide [1]. A central pathological feature of hypertension is endothelial dysfunction, which is marked by impaired vasodilation, increased vasoconstriction, cellular proliferation, and a shift toward a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state … Read more
Introduction Fermented foods have emerged as a promising source of bioactive peptides (BAPs) that demonstrate significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, offering sustainable alternatives to synthetic preservatives and therapeutic agents [1]. BAPs are peptides consisting of 2 to 20 amino acids originating from precursor proteins following an activation process involving multiple reactions such as chemical hydrolysis, … Read more
Introduction Flavonoids are quite an important class of natural substances. Specifically, these are a type of secondary metabolic by-products from crops that have a polyphenolic framework as well as are frequently found in vegetables, fruits, and some beverages [1]. These substances provide plants with adefense against diseases, UV rays, and herbivores [2]. Anthocyanins, flavones, flavanols, … Read more
Introduction The rotation of plane-polarized light by chiral substances was first observed in 1812 by a French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot. Chiral chemistry was discovered by Louis Pasteur, a French chemist & biologist, in 1848 by inventing 2 isomers of sodium potassium tartrate (Fig. 1). The term chirality was coined in 1894 by Lord Kelvin, a … Read more
1. Introduction Honey, a natural product produced by bees from the nectar of flowers, has been cherished for centuries not only as a sweetener but also as a therapeutic agent. In many ancient cultures, honey was considered a sacred food, valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It has been used in traditional medicine systems, … Read more
INTRODUCTION One of the biggest issues facing both industrialized and emerging nations is the spread of diseases linked to modern civilization. The advancement of technology and the consequent contamination of the environment have been linked to a rise in diseases like diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases [1]. A group … Read more
Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of medical science, the integration of bionics stands as a beacon of hope and innovation. Bionics, a term coined from the fusion of biology and electronics, refers to the study and design of systems inspired by biological processes. This field, especially in the context of medicine, has the potential to … Read more
Introduction: The landscape of drug development and therapeutics is continuously evolving, driven by a relentless pursuit of innovation and the integration of cutting-edge technologies. Historically, drug discovery has relied on empirical approaches, often characterized by trial-and-error experimentation and serendipitous discoveries. While this traditional paradigm has yielded numerous life-saving therapies, it is also associated with significant … Read more
Introduction The emergence of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its rapid spread across the globe have led to an unprecedented public health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems, economies, and societies, underscoring the urgent need for effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies [1]. As the pandemic evolves, continuous research and innovation are essential to … Read more