Introduction Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major component of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which remains a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. For a long time, oral anticoagulation therapy was based entirely on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin [1]. Warfarin has repeatedly proven its strong clinical efficacy in preventing recurrence of … Read more
1. Introduction The effectiveness of drug therapy varies substantially among individuals due to differences in genetic makeup, environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, age, sex, and disease characteristics. Conventional therapeutic approaches typically rely on standardized treatment protocols that assume similar drug responses across patient populations. However, clinical observations have demonstrated that patients receiving identical medications often exhibit … Read more
1. INTRODUCTION Reflexology occupies a unique position in the landscape of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), combining elements of manual therapy, neurophysiological theory, and ancient healing traditions. In modern clinical contexts, reflexology involves the systematic application of pressure to designated reflex points on the feet, hands, and ears, with the therapeutic premise that these points … Read more
Introduction The verifiable evolution of drug delivery systems highlights the progression from simple formulations to sophisticated, technology-driven approaches. Sustained release preparations offer numerous advantages over the conventional forms. The main objective of a sustained release dosage form is to maintain blood drug levels at a stable, non-toxic and therapeutically effective concentration over an extended period … Read more
INTRODUCTION“The Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA)” framework was established in 2004 during “The Project Bioshield Act 2004”, in the “Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act”, to ratify the use of specific medical products during emergency health situations [1]. It acts as an essential resource for medical practitioners and healthcare officials engaged in a public health crisis … Read more
Though technology comprises various facets, one broad definition is technology as the use of computers, computer systems, and other forms of technology to manage, process, and disseminate information. Technology covers a wide range of specialities. For instance, cybersecurity and IT Support are included as part of technology. A business firm can hardly function without technology … Read more
Introduction Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with projections indicating a substantial escalation in burden over the coming decades [1]. In 2023, approximately 18.5 million new cases and 10.4 million deaths occurred globally, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, with forecasts suggesting rises to around 30.5 million new cases and 18.6 million deaths … Read more
1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading and prominent metabolic disorder with a myriad of aetiologies that include chronic hyperglycaemia and abnormality in the carbohydrate metabolism by the human body, besides of carbohydrates, fats etc. due to lower blood insulin level or insensitivity of targeted organs to insulin [1]. In today’s fast-paced and … Read more
Introduction Antibiotics have revolutionised the treatment of infectious diseases and dramatically decreased morbidity and mortality globally, making them one of the most revolutionary discoveries in contemporary medicine [1]. Antibiotics have made it possible to treat once-fatal bacterial infections, made complicated surgical procedures easier, and helped immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy or organ transplants since the discovery … Read more
1. Introduction The development of vaccines has changed the course of infectious illnesses and world health in significant ways, making them a landmark achievement in medical history [20]. Modern immunisation procedures have their roots in the work of Edward Jenner, who proved in the late 18th century that inoculation with cowpox could protect against smallpox … Read more