Review Article

Advances in Liquid Biopsy for Early Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review of Circulating Tumor DNA and Other Biomarkers

  • Moses Adondua Abah1,2
  • Nwachukwu Adaeze Cynthia3
  • Micheal Abimbola Oladosu2,4
  • Nathan Rimamsanati Yohanna1,2
  • Ejim Thomas Ejim 5
  • Oshare Oghenekenu 6

Introduction Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with projections indicating a substantial escalation in burden over the coming decades [1]. In 2023, approximately 18.5 million new cases and 10.4 million deaths occurred globally, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, with forecasts suggesting rises to around 30.5 million new cases and 18.6 million deaths … Read more

Antidiabetic Potential Orchids: A Promising Avenue for Diabetes Mellitus Management

  • Narola Jamir
  • Debashree Devi
  • Temsumayang Imchen
  • Wezotsho Puro
  • Kaushik Borah
  • Thejavitsu Noah Vupru
  • Chitta Ranjan Deb

1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading and prominent metabolic disorder with a myriad of aetiologies that include chronic hyperglycaemia and abnormality in the carbohydrate metabolism by the human body, besides of carbohydrates, fats etc. due to lower blood insulin level or insensitivity of targeted organs to insulin [1]. In today’s fast-paced and … Read more

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance: Understanding the Molecular and Genetic Basis of Bacterial Resistance

  • Iheakolam Uchenna Caleb1
  • Moses Adondua Abah2,3
  • Micheal Abimbola Oladosu3,4
  • Micah Nnabuko Okwah5,6
  • Nathan Rimamsanati Yohanna2,3
  • Abah Sarah Onyeoche7
  • Emmanuel Godwin Ogunjobi8
  • Ebenezer Morayo Ale2
  • Ismaila Emmanuel Oluwasegun9
  • Ejim Thomas Ejim10
  • Amarachukwu Bernaldine Isiaka 11

Introduction Antibiotics have revolutionised the treatment of infectious diseases and dramatically decreased morbidity and mortality globally, making them one of the most revolutionary discoveries in contemporary medicine [1]. Antibiotics have made it possible to treat once-fatal bacterial infections, made complicated surgical procedures easier, and helped immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy or organ transplants since the discovery … Read more

Adjuvants in Modern Vaccine Design: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Applications

  • Iheakolam Uchenna Caleb1,2
  • Moses Adondua Abah2,3
  • Micheal Abimbola Oladosu2,4
  • Nkwocha John Nnaemeka5
  • Ochuele Dominic Agida2,3
  • Abah Sarah Onyeoche6
  • Owusu-Ansah Sandra7
  • Ebenezer Morayo Ale1
  • Atenji Victor Rimam8

1. Introduction The development of vaccines has changed the course of infectious illnesses and world health in significant ways, making them a landmark achievement in medical history [20]. Modern immunisation procedures have their roots in the work of Edward Jenner, who proved in the late 18th century that inoculation with cowpox could protect against smallpox … Read more

Cytological Insights Through Tzanck Smears: Utility and Drawbacks

  • Saqib Ahmed1
  • Ruhi Hasan2

Introduction Diagnostic cytology, focuses on the examination of individual cells to assess their structure, function, and intrinsic properties. The first application of cytology in skin disorders was introduced by Tzanck in 1947. Tzanck’s technique was initially used to diagnose vesiculo-bullous conditions, especially herpes simplex, and since then, dermatologists have increasingly relied on cytology to diagnose … Read more

Polyherbal Formulations for Rheumatoid Arthritis An Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Review

  • Nilutpal Hazarika1
  • Bipul Nath1
  • Subhashis Debnath2
  • Pranabesh Sikdar1
  • Himanta Biswa Saikia1

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder that affects millions worldwide, significantly diminishing quality of life. Unlike osteoarthritis, which arises due to mechanical wear and tear, RA is rooted in immune system dysfunction [1]. In this condition, the body’s defense mechanisms mistakenly target its own tissues, particularly the synovial membrane lining the joints. … Read more

Nose-to-Brain Delivery for Migraine: A Review of Recent Technological and Formulation Advances

  • Bipul Nath1
  • Priyanka Das1
  • Bhanu P Sahu2
  • Himanta Biswa Saikia3
  • Manas Jyoti Kapil3
  • Pranabesh Sikdar1

Introduction Migraine is a complex and disabling neurological disorder that extends far beyond a simple headache, affecting over a billion individuals globally. It is characterized by intense unilateral throbbing pain, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia, with some patients experiencing sensory disturbances or “aura” before onset. The condition predominantly affects women between the … Read more

Nutraceuticals: A Paradigm Revolution in Medicine and Health

  • Chaudhary Pankaj H.
  • Sawarkar Shretali W
  • Chavhan Sarin .A
  • Varandani Nisha H
  • Gawande Rupali
  • Ingole Shital
  • Burange Prashant J

INTRODUCTION: World Health Organization (WHO) database on Global Health Expenditure, the United States allocated 17% of its resources towards healthcare, whereas India allocated 4% (WHO Indicators). The substantial expenditure on wellness has influenced the attention of both the research and development divisions of global corporations and customers towards food products that offer health advantages.[1]The “Nutraceutical” … Read more

A review of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease and their therapeutic strategies

  • Chetehouna Sara1
  • Atoussi Ouidad1
  • Derouiche Samir1,2

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, marked by progressive neurodegenerative alterations that affect the brain across different stages of the disease 1. Neuronal and synaptic degeneration in the cerebral cortex and specific subcortical regions is a hallmark of AD, leading to pronounced atrophy in regions such ascingulate gyrus, frontal … Read more

Mechanism of Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension: Nanotechnology-Based Interventions

  • Javeria Zaheer1,2

Introduction Hypertension affects approximately 1.4 billion individuals globally and remains a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are now the leading cause of mortality worldwide [1]. A central pathological feature of hypertension is endothelial dysfunction, which is marked by impaired vasodilation, increased vasoconstriction, cellular proliferation, and a shift toward a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state … Read more