Review Article

Applications of Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Drug Therapy and Precision Healthcare Management

  • Devendra Kumar Sahu

1. Introduction The effectiveness of drug therapy varies substantially among individuals due to differences in genetic makeup, environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, age, sex, and disease characteristics. Conventional therapeutic approaches typically rely on standardized treatment protocols that assume similar drug responses across patient populations. However, clinical observations have demonstrated that patients receiving identical medications often exhibit … Read more

Reflexology in Greek Medicine:Historical Roots, Philosophical Frameworks, and Contemporary Clinical Applications

  • Raziya Banu M1
  • Yasmeen K 1
  • MD Husaamuddin Sharief 2
  • Nizamudeen S 1

1. INTRODUCTION Reflexology occupies a unique position in the landscape of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), combining elements of manual therapy, neurophysiological theory, and ancient healing traditions. In modern clinical contexts, reflexology involves the systematic application of pressure to designated reflex points on the feet, hands, and ears, with the therapeutic premise that these points … Read more

Natural Gums Used as Binder in Sustained Release Preparation

  • Victor Olaolu Abisoye

Introduction The verifiable evolution of drug delivery systems highlights the progression from simple formulations to sophisticated, technology-driven approaches. Sustained release preparations offer numerous advantages over the conventional forms. The main objective of a sustained release dosage form is to maintain blood drug levels at a stable, non-toxic and therapeutically effective concentration over an extended period … Read more

Drug Approval Processes During Emergency Situations: Emergency UseAuthorization (Eua)

  • Trapti Saxena
  • Maleeha Masood
  • Rudra Vaishno

INTRODUCTION“The Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA)” framework was established in 2004 during “The Project Bioshield Act 2004”, in the “Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act”, to ratify the use of specific medical products during emergency health situations [1]. It acts as an essential resource for medical practitioners and healthcare officials engaged in a public health crisis … Read more

Artificial Intelligence in Medical Diagnosis: A Human-Centred Approach

  • Anjali Agrawal1
  • Rajni Yadav2

Though technology comprises various facets, one broad definition is technology as the use of computers, computer systems, and other forms of technology to manage, process, and disseminate information. Technology covers a wide range of specialities. For instance, cybersecurity and IT Support are included as part of technology. A business firm can hardly function without technology … Read more

Advances in Liquid Biopsy for Early Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review of Circulating Tumor DNA and Other Biomarkers

  • Moses Adondua Abah1,2
  • Nwachukwu Adaeze Cynthia3
  • Micheal Abimbola Oladosu2,4
  • Nathan Rimamsanati Yohanna1,2
  • Ejim Thomas Ejim 5
  • Oshare Oghenekenu 6

Introduction Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with projections indicating a substantial escalation in burden over the coming decades [1]. In 2023, approximately 18.5 million new cases and 10.4 million deaths occurred globally, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, with forecasts suggesting rises to around 30.5 million new cases and 18.6 million deaths … Read more

Antidiabetic Potential Orchids: A Promising Avenue for Diabetes Mellitus Management

  • Narola Jamir
  • Debashree Devi
  • Temsumayang Imchen
  • Wezotsho Puro
  • Kaushik Borah
  • Thejavitsu Noah Vupru
  • Chitta Ranjan Deb

1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading and prominent metabolic disorder with a myriad of aetiologies that include chronic hyperglycaemia and abnormality in the carbohydrate metabolism by the human body, besides of carbohydrates, fats etc. due to lower blood insulin level or insensitivity of targeted organs to insulin [1]. In today’s fast-paced and … Read more

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance: Understanding the Molecular and Genetic Basis of Bacterial Resistance

  • Iheakolam Uchenna Caleb1
  • Moses Adondua Abah2,3
  • Micheal Abimbola Oladosu3,4
  • Micah Nnabuko Okwah5,6
  • Nathan Rimamsanati Yohanna2,3
  • Abah Sarah Onyeoche7
  • Emmanuel Godwin Ogunjobi8
  • Ebenezer Morayo Ale2
  • Ismaila Emmanuel Oluwasegun9
  • Ejim Thomas Ejim10
  • Amarachukwu Bernaldine Isiaka 11

Introduction Antibiotics have revolutionised the treatment of infectious diseases and dramatically decreased morbidity and mortality globally, making them one of the most revolutionary discoveries in contemporary medicine [1]. Antibiotics have made it possible to treat once-fatal bacterial infections, made complicated surgical procedures easier, and helped immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy or organ transplants since the discovery … Read more

Adjuvants in Modern Vaccine Design: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Applications

  • Iheakolam Uchenna Caleb1,2
  • Moses Adondua Abah2,3
  • Micheal Abimbola Oladosu2,4
  • Nkwocha John Nnaemeka5
  • Ochuele Dominic Agida2,3
  • Abah Sarah Onyeoche6
  • Owusu-Ansah Sandra7
  • Ebenezer Morayo Ale1
  • Atenji Victor Rimam8

1. Introduction The development of vaccines has changed the course of infectious illnesses and world health in significant ways, making them a landmark achievement in medical history [20]. Modern immunisation procedures have their roots in the work of Edward Jenner, who proved in the late 18th century that inoculation with cowpox could protect against smallpox … Read more

Cytological Insights Through Tzanck Smears: Utility and Drawbacks

  • Saqib Ahmed1
  • Ruhi Hasan2

Introduction Diagnostic cytology, focuses on the examination of individual cells to assess their structure, function, and intrinsic properties. The first application of cytology in skin disorders was introduced by Tzanck in 1947. Tzanck’s technique was initially used to diagnose vesiculo-bullous conditions, especially herpes simplex, and since then, dermatologists have increasingly relied on cytology to diagnose … Read more